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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
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Overview of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is an institute that supports and conducts basic and applied research on allergy and infectious diseases for better understanding, prevention, treatment, and care. The institute traces its origins to a small laboratory that was established in the year 1887 at the Marine Hospital on Staten Island, New York.
For over 50 years, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has contributed to new vaccines, therapies, diagnostic tests, and several other technologies that have improved the health of numerous people in the United States and all throughout the world. In the institute’s 50-year history, there had been 5 directors.
Areas of Investigation in NIAID
Given below is the list of major areas of investigation in National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): NIAID is responsible for supporting and conducting basic research on the pathological process of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that is the prime cause of AIDS. The institute develops new drug therapies, carry out epidemiologic studies, conduct clinical trials, and develop and test HIV vaccines.
- Emerging Diseases: Throughout the world new diseases are arising and old diseases are re-emerging as infectious agents that spread as changes take place in population patterns, socioeconomic conditions, and ecology.
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases: Researches are conducted on asthma and allergic diseases that has disclosed various underlying mechanisms, thus contributing to the development on different new ways for helping the affected individuals.
- Enteric Diseases: All across the world, diarrheal diseases like rotavirus and cholera, poses to be the major cause of illness resulting to death in babies and children. The institute supports basic research on enteric agents – how the illness is caused, and develops and tests vaccines in order to prevent enteric infections.
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Genetics and Transplantation: The various studies conducted at the institute aims at improving immune-suppressive therapies, thus developing reagents required for tissue matching, understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling immune system genes, and defining the genetic regulation of the immune response.
Malaria and other Tropical Diseases: malaria, leprosy, filariasis, and trypanosomiasis are some of the diseases that disable and kill millions of people all over the world. The institute conducts research and develops and tests tropical medicine and vaccines.
Immunologic Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Vaccine Development
Other medical areas of investigation and research include respiratory diseases, fungal diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, hospital-associated infections, and antimicrobial and antiviral drug developments.
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